Francesco Calogero

Calogero is an Italian theoretical physicist who served from 1989 to 1997 as secretary general of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (recipients of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize).

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Articles by Francesco Calogero

Opinion
19 March 2012
Nuclear Weapons

Open secret

Francesco CalogeroGiorgio La Malfa

At the peak of the Cold War, more than 7,000 and as many as 24 different types of tactical -- or nonstrategic -- nuclear weapons were deployed by the United States through the NATO framework in Europe. The role of the weapons was to buttress deterrence of a Soviet military strike by countering the perception that, after the Warsaw Pact, NATO conventional forces were inferior to Soviet conventional forces.